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Offshore oil and gas in California provides a significant portion of the state's petroleum production. Offshore oil and gas has been a contentious issue for decades, first over the question of state versus federal ownership, but since 1969 mostly over questions of resource development versus environmental protection. Notable offshore fields include the Ellwood Oil Field and the Wilmington Oil Field, both of which are partially onshore and partially offshore, and the large Dos Cuadras Field in the Santa Barbara Channel, which is entirely in the federal zone. State offshore seabed in California produced of oil per day, and federal offshore tracts produced of oil per day in November 2008. State and federal offshore tracts together made up 16% of the state's oil production.〔(California Department of Conservation: ''Monthly oil and gas production and injection report, November 2008'' ), PDF file, downloaded 17 February 2009.〕 ==Pre-oil industry== Knowledge of the probable existence of oil off the coast of California dates back to the early European explorers who noted oil slicks in the Santa Barbara channel (see ''Coal Oil Point seep field''). In 1792, when the English explorer James Cook anchored his ship in the Santa Barbara Channel, his navigator George Vancouver wrote that the sea was “... covered with a thick, slimy substance,” and added “... the sea had the appearance of dissolved tar floating on its surface, which covered the ocean in all directions within the limits of our view.”〔R.F. Yerkes, H.C. Wagner, and K.A. Yenne (1969) ''Petroleum development in the region of the Santa Barbara Channel'', US Geological Survey, Professional Paper 679-B, p.14.〕 In 1865, oil geologist Charles Jackson wrote: :“Off the coast of Santa Barbara. The strong smell of petroleum comes from the sea, the oil floating on the water.”〔Charles T. Jackson, “Petrolia,” ''San Francisco Alta California'', 2 August 1865, p.1.〕 A description of the oil and gas seeps offshore southern California can be found in a report on the California Division of Oil and Gas's website.〔() California Offshore Oil Seeps Report 〕 The report is accompanied by a map, showing the locations of offshore petroleum seeps from Point Arguello (north of Santa Barbara) to Mexico.〔() California Offshore Oil Seeps from Point Arguello to Mexico 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Offshore oil and gas in California」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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